The majority of botanical information collected for this site is from these reference sites,
as well as personal observation of some of the plants recorded.
A Primer of Botanical Latin with Vocabulary, ['Emma Short', 'Alex George'] 2013: Out of my depth here, but useful reference.
Alamy: A stock photo site, but they often have well-focused, detailed pictures of common flowering plants and not just the flowers. Well labelled with their botanical names (unlike flickr/BHL), very useful
Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: An excellent, comprehensive collection of botanical information: families, references, glossary, etc. A dense collation of botanical taxonomy/morphology.
AusGrass: Grasses of Australia: 1300 grass species. Has both diagnostic and Lucid keys, good fact sheets. Not updated since 2002.
Australian Environmental Weeds: 1000-odd weeds in Australia, searchable key, missing a number of important weeds (e.g. nutsedge). Uses Lucid, a proprietary plant identification polyclave system (using a multi-access key).
Bark, A Field Guide to Trees of the Northeast, Michael Wojtech 2011: Nice description and explanation of bark types which is modified and incorporated in the schema. Has identification of deciduous trees w/o the usual identifying characteristics being availiable.
Biodiversity Heritage Library Images: Easier way to access some BHL plant images. Be sure to click on the search magnifying glass in the body of the page (not the normal search area at the top), above the images. This is the 'photostream' search, i.e. the subset comprising of the BHL images.
EFloras: A collection of web-based floras: North America, China, Pakistan, Chile, and other smaller floras, searchable, diagnostic keys.
Encylopaedia of Life: Amalgam of biological site information, often including wikipedia entries if nothing else, good plant pictures.
Ferns of the World: 1400-odd ferns and leucophytes (mosses, etc) so far. Missing many from Australia/New Zealand at this time. Good pictures and location data.
Flora of Australia: Now in a better web format, AU *still* hasn't completed the original flora but ABRS are working on it, weak on exotics.
Flora of North America: Combining all the FNA print volumes, still in progress and a lot missing but often good descriptions for what is there.
Flora of South Australia: Plant listings for the state, includes descriptions and occasional line drawings.
Flora of Victoria: State of Victoria, Australia. Good descriptions of many exotics, distributions, line drawings.
Flowering Plant Families of the World, ['V. H. Heywood', 'R. K. Brummitt', 'A. Culham', 'O. Seberg'] 2007: Now dated but useful descriptions of families, No diagnostic key!
Flowers of Santa Monica Mountains: Very complete, detailed descriptions, best I've seen of the exotics that happen to be growing there. Photos also very good.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility: A somewhat baffling (to me) but extensive collection of biological information, useful for verifying current (APG IV) plant family names and for plant species listings.
Go Botany: Plants of the US North East: Has plants of the area with somewhat vague descriptions, good pictures, uses a multi character search method, appears to be under development.
Grass Structures: Excellent description of grass characteristics with illustrations, from AusGrass.
Gymnosperm Database: Most entries have good descriptions, uses BRAHAMS - another proprietary plant DB/system.
International Plant Names Index: A global listing of plant taxa, unfortunately doesn't list taxa antonyms so isn't complete.
Jepson eflora: eflora for California, good (brief) descriptions and line drawings.
Morphology of flowers and inflorescences, Professor Dr F. Weberling 1992: Reference for flower structures, assumes wide knowledge of the field.
Plant Systematics, third edition, Michael G. Simpson 2019: Clearly explained and illustrated botany text and glossary, covers plant orders with photos, well written. No acknowledgement (as is common) that botanical term definitions are often contested.
Plants of the World Online: Companion site to the IPNI. Is complete and uses LSIDs, often no descriptions, does have good references sometimes.
Plantz Africa: Good on common (garden/weed) South African plants.
The Cycad Pages: Excellent collection of all things cycad. Unfortunately, no longer maintained (or even hosted), can't find a replacement.
The Gymnosperm Database: Less formal treatment of gymnosperms, nicely done with interesting plant details alongside normal morphology, such as distribution, ecology and 'big trees'.
The Kew Plant Glossary, an illustrated dictionary of plant terms, revised edition, Henk Beentje 2012: Good, thorough explanations (from the UK point of view) with illustrations.
World Flora Online: Entire world flora with descriptions copied from FNA, Flora of China, plus many smaller country flora. Pictures separate, not well ID'd.
e-Flora of South Africa: only in DwC-A format (Darwin Core Archive) which is a series of related text files. You can find the plant in the taxon file, then with its wfo index, look up that index in the description file.
